Indonesian Army

Indonesian Army
Active	1945 – present
Country	Indonesia
Type	Army
Size	233,000(regular)[1]
Part of	Indonesian National Armed Forces
Motto	Kartika Eka Paksi (Sanskrit, lit:"Unmatchable Bird with Noble Goals")
Engagements	Indonesian Independence Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation East Timor Invasion Counter-insurgency in Aceh Counter-insurgency in Maluku Free Papua Movement
Commanders
Indonesian Army Chief of Staff	General Pramono Edhie Wibowo (30 June 2011-present)

The Indonesian Army (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat, TNI–AD), the land component of the Indonesian Armed Forces, has an estimated strength of 328,517 regular personnel. The force's history began in 1945 when the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) "Civil Security Forces" served as paramilitary and police.

Since the nation's independence struggle, the Indonesian Army has been involved in many operations involving foreign powers such as the incorporation of Western New Guinea, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, and the annexation of East Timor, as well as with internal operations in Aceh and Maluku.

The Indonesia Army comprises the headquarters and associated units, the military area commands, a strategic reserve command KOSTRAD, a special forces command Kopassus, and other formations and units. The force has grown over the years; in July 1976 the army was estimated to consist of 180,000 personnel, one armoured cavalry brigade, part of Kostrad (one tank battalion, plus support units), 14 infantry brigades (90 infantry, 1 para, 9 artillery, 11 anti-aircraft, and 9 engineer battalions) of which three of the brigades were in Kostrad, two airborne brigades totalling six battalions, also part of Kostrad, one independent tank battalion, 7 independent armoured cavalry battalions, and four independent para-commando battalions.^[2]

Contents 1 Military Area Commands 2 Operational Commands 3 Equipment 3.1 Infantry weapons and equipment 3.1.1 Small arms 3.1.2 Grenade and rocket systems 4 Tanks 5 Armoured Personnel Carrier 6 Armoured Car 7 Utility, Support, and Logistics vehicles 8 Artillery and Air Defence Systems 9 Aircraft 10 List of Army Chief of Staffs 11 Notes and references 12 External links

Military Area Commands

The Armed Forces' military districts were created by General Soedirman, following the model of the German Wehrkreise system. The system was later ratified in Surat Perintah Siasat No.1, signed by General Soedirman in November 1948.

From 1946 to 1952, the Army had been organised into numerous divisions. These were consolidated in 1951, and then eliminated in 1952. From 1952 to 1958-59, the Army was organised into seven Tentara & Teritoriums. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reorganised its territorial commands. There were to be sixteen Kodams from that point in time, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.^[3]

A reorganization in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defense Commands (Kowilhans) and the National Strategic Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defense structure, re-establishing the Military Area Command (Kodam), or regional command, as the key organization for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services.^[4] The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander in chief to the ten Kodam commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands.

The Kodams incorporate provincial and district commands each with a number of infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry battalion, artillery, or engineers.^[5] Some have Raider battalions attached. Currently there are 12 Military Area Commands, and these are:

• Kodam Iskandar Muda, overseeing Aceh province as part of the Aceh special autonomy law. Previously under the Kodam I/Bukit Barisan.
• Kodam I/Bukit Barisan, overseeing northern Sumatra provinces of North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau and Riau Islands.
  • In 1997, before the split of Kodam I into Kodam I and Kodam Iskandar Muda, territorial military district commands included Korem 011 (HQ Lhokseumawe), Korem 012 (HQ Banda Aceh), Korem 022 (HQ Pematang Siantar), Korem 023 (HQ Sibolga), Korem 031 (HQ Pekanbaru), and Korem 032 (HQ Padang).^[6]
• Kodam II/Sriwijaya, overseeing southern provinces on Sumatra island of Jambi, Bengkulu, Bangka Belitung, South Sumatra and Lampung.
  • Korems in 1997 included Korem 041 (HQ Palembang), Korem 042 (HQ Jambi), Korem 043 (HQ Lampung), and Korem 044 (HQ Serong).^[6]
• Kodam Jaya, overseeing Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia. Kodam Jaya also oversees three regions outside Jakarta of Bekasi and Depok which actually in West Java province and Tangerang which is in Banten province.
• Kodam III/Siliwangi, overseeing West Java and Banten provinces.
• Kodam IV/Diponegoro, overseeing Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces.
• Kodam V/Brawijaya, overseeing East Java province.
• Kodam VI/Tanjungpura, overseeing all provinces on Kalimantan island (Borneo) of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.
• Kodam VII/Wirabuana, overseeing all provinces on Sulawesi island of Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and West Sulawesi.
  • Units include Batalyon Infanteri 714
• Kodam IX/Udayana, overseeing provinces of Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara. The former Indonesian province of East Timor was also under the jurisdiction of Kodam IX/Udayana.
• Kodam XVI/Pattimura, overseeing Maluku and North Maluku provinces.
• Kodam XVII/Cendrawasih, overseeing West Papua and Papua provinces.^[7]
• Previously Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands were under Kodam VIII/Trikora.^[8] Kodam VIII/Trikora had in 1997 six infantry battalions plus engineer detachments.^[6] The district commands in 1997 included Korem 171 (HQ Manokwari), Korem 172 (HQ Abepura), Korem 173 (HQ Biak) and Korem 174 (HQ Ambon). The South Pacific Yearbook reported three infantry battalions which were based at Manokwari, Jayapura, and Sorong, as well as mentioning a naval base at Biak.

Operational Commands

• Special Forces Command (Kopassus), est 5,530 divided is composed of five groups, Grup 1/Parakomando (Para Commando), Grup 2/Parakomando (Para Commando), Pusat Pendidikan Pasukan Khusus (Training), Grup 3/Sandhi Yudha (Combat Intelligence), SAT 81/Penanggulangan Teror (Counter-terrorism); plus the Presidential Guard (Paspampres) and headquarters. Each group is headed by a Colonel and all groups are para-commando qualified. Of note is the unusual nature of Group IV, possibly also called "Sandhy Yudha," which consists of select members from Groups I, II, and III. The duties of these specially trained personnel include attacking behind enemy lines (Infiltration tactics). Group IV also, reportedly, works with the Joint Intelligence Unit on interrogations, and carries out clandestine operations around the country.

• Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad), is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has around 40,000 troops.^[9] It also supervises operational readiness among all commands and conducts defense and security operations at the strategic level in accordance with policies of the TNI commander.
  • Infantry Division 1 Kostrad, with 13th Infantry Brigade and the 17th Airborne Brigade, plus Field Artillery Regiment 2
  • 2nd Division, with 6th and 9th Infantry, and the 18th Airborne Brigades, plus a field artillery regiment
  • 3rd Airborne Infantry Brigade, Ujung Pandang (ex-Kopassus 3rd Group)^[10]
  • KOSTRAD also commands several combat service support units such as combat engineers.

• Army Aviation Command The army had its own small air arm that performs liaison and limited transport duties. It operates 100 aircraft in several helicopter and aircraft squadrons composed mostly of light aircraft and small transports, such as the IPTN produced CN-235.

Equipment

Infantry weapons and equipment

Small arms

Name	Origin	Type	Caliber	Notes
Pindad P1/P2[11]	Indonesia	Semi-automatic pistol	9x19mm	Local copy of the Browning Hi-Power. Approximately 30,000 P1s and 2,000 P2s manufactured.
Colt M1911	United States	Semi-automatic pistol	.45 ACP
SIG Sauer P226	Switzerland	Semi-automatic pistol	9x19mm	For use by Kopassus.
Pindad PM2[11]	Indonesia	Submachine gun	9x19mm
MP5 series	Germany	Submachine gun	9x19mm	Used by special forces
AK-47[11]	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	7.62x39mm
Pindad SS1[11]	Indonesia	Assault rifle	5.56x45mm	Based on the FN FNC
Pindad SS2[11]	Indonesia	Assault rifle	5.56x45mm	Modernized SS1.
M16[11]	United States	Assault rifle	5.56x45mm
Pindad SPR-1[11]	Indonesia	Sniper rifle	7.62x51mm
Pindad SPR-3[11]	Indonesia	Sniper rifle	7.62x51mm
Pindad SPR-2[11]	Indonesia	Anti-materiel rifle	12.7x99mm
Pindad SM3	Indonesia	Light machine gun	5.56x45mm	Locally produced version of the FN Minimi.
Pindad SM2[11]	Indonesia	General purpose machine gun	7.62x51mm	Locally produced version of the FN MAG.
Pindad SMB-QCB	Indonesia	Heavy machine gun	12.7x99mm	Locally produced version of the CIS 50MG.

Grenade and rocket systems

Name	Origin	Type	Quantity	Notes
Pindad SPG1	Indonesia	Under barrel grenade launcher		Locally produced copy of the M203.
M79	United States	Single-shot grenade launcher
AT-13 Metis M	Russia	Anti tank missile launchers
M80 Rocket Launcher[12]	Yugoslavia	Shoulder-fired missile

Tanks

Model	Origin	Type	Quantity	Acquired	Notes
Leopard 2A6	Germany	Main Battle Tank	0	100	100 Units is on order as confirmed by General Pramono Edy Wibowo [13]
T-90	Russia	Main Battle Tank	0	200	On order
AMX-13	France	Light tank	300
FV101 Scorpion 90	United Kingdom	Light tank	85

Armoured Personnel Carrier

Model	Origin	Type	Quantity	Acquired	Notes
AMX-VTT	France	Armoured Personnel Carrier	200
Tarantula	South Korea	90mm gun,6x6 ARVs	22
BMP-3	Russia	AIFV with 100mm+30mm guns	0	200 units on order
VAB	France	Armoured Personnel Carrier	46		14 were originally supplied. Another 32 were acquired in 2006 for the Indonesian peacekeeping mission in Lebanon.[14]
Alvis Stormer	United Kingdom	Armoured Personnel Carrier	~70		Includes the armoured personnel carrier, command post, ambulance, recovery, logistics and bridge laying variants.[15]
FV603 Saracen	United Kingdom	Armoured Personnel Carrier	55		Some upgraded in the 1990s.
Cadillac Gage Ranger	United States	Armoured Personnel Carrier	22
BTR-152	Soviet Union	Armoured Personnel Carrier	150
Casspir	South Africa	Armoured Personnel Carrier			Mine protected armoured personnel carrier. used by Kopassus.
Pindad APS-3	Indonesia	Armoured Personnel Carrier	154[16]	2008–2010	20 units were received in February 2009,[17] 40 were received in July 2009[18] while another 33 were received in Jan 2010.[19]
Pindad APR-1V	Indonesia	Armoured Personnel Carrier	14	2004	Early predecessor to the Pindad PS-3. Based on a commercial Isuzu truck chassis. Follow on orders cancelled following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

Armoured Car

Model	Origin	Type	Quantity	Acquired	Notes
FV601 Saladin	United Kingdom	Armoured Car	69
Ferret	United Kingdom	Armoured Car	55
Cadillac Gage Commando	United States	Armoured Car	108		Includes 58 V-150 series, and 50 V-100 series models.
Cadillac Gage Scout	United States	Armoured Car	26	1983
BTR-40	Soviet Union	Armoured Car	100-130	1963–1965	Locally modified from armoured personnel carrier to armoured reconnaissance variants.[20]
VBL	France	Armoured Car	36
P2 Komando	Indonesia	Armoured Car

Utility, Support, and Logistics vehicles

Model	Origin	Type	Quantity	Acquired	Notes
M151 MUTT	United States	Light utility vehicle
Renault Sherpa 2	France	Light utility vehicle	30	July 2011	Announced in July 2011[21]
Land Rover LWB	United Kingdom	Light utility vehicle
Steyr Puch Haflinger 700 AP	Austria	Light utility vehicle
Nissan Q4W73	Japan	Light truck
DAF YA400	Netherlands	Transport truck
Unimog	Germany	Medium truck
Steyr 680M	Austria	Medium truck
Bedford MK	United Kingdom	Light truck
Steyr 17M29	Austria	Medium truck
Cakra FAV	Indonesia	Fast attack vehicle

Artillery and Air Defence Systems

Model	Origin	Type	Quantity	Acquired	Notes
BM-30 Smerch	Russia	300mm Multiple rocket launcher	0	12 On order-TBD
NDL-40	Indonesia	Multiple rocket launcher	50		77 mm rockets. Built by PTDI
RM-70	Czech Republic	Multiple rocket launcher	25
BM-14	Soviet Union	Multiple rocket launcher	24
Bofors 40 mm	Sweden	Anti-aircraft artillery
KH 178 105mm [22]	South Korea	Towed artillery	54
FH-2000[22]	Singapore	Towed artillery	8
Poprad	Poland	Short Ranged Surface-to-air missile	6
Rapier missile	United Kingdom	Surface-to-air missile	120
RBS-70	Sweden	Surface-to-air missile	45
Mistral (missile)	France	Surface-to-air missile

Aircraft

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Versions	In service[23]	Notes
Aero Commander	United States	utility transport	680	3
AH-64 Apache	United States	Attack helicopter		0	8 on order[24]
Bell 47	United States	utility helicopter	47G	10
Bell UH-1 Iroquois	United States	utility helicopter	UH-1D	10
Bell 412	United States/ Indonesia	transport helicopter	412 412SP	14 14	Built under license by PTDI
Britten-Norman Islander	United Kingdom	utility transport	BN-2A	1
CASA C-212 Aviocar	Spain/ Indonesia	tactical transport		4	Built under license by PTDI
Cessna 310	United States	utility transport		4
C-47 Skytrain	United States	tactical transport		2
Eurocopter Bo 105	Germany/ Indonesia	utility helicopter		30	Built under license by PTDI
Mil Mi-17 Hip-H	Russia	transport & light attack helicopter	Mi-17-V5	16
Mil Mi-35 Hind	Russia	attack helicopter	Mi-35 Hind-F	8	[25]
Schweizer 300	United States	utility helicopter	300C	6

List of Army Chief of Staffs

• Col. GPH Djatikusumo (1948–1949)
• Col. AH Nasution (1949–1952)
• Col. / Maj. Gen. Bambang Sugeng (1952–1955)
• Maj. Gen. Bambang Utoyo (1955)
• Maj. Gen. AH Nasution (1955–1962)
• Let. Gen. Ahmad Yani (1962–1965)
• Maj. Gen. Pranoto Reksosamudra (temporary) (1965)[1]
• Maj. Gen. Suharto (1965–1967)
• Gen. Maraden Panggabean (1967–1969)
• Gen. Umar Wirahadikusumah (1969–1973)
• Gen. Surono (1973–1974)
• Gen. Makmun Murod (1974–1978)
• Gen. Widodo (1978–1980)
• Gen. Poniman (1980–1983)
• Gen. Rudini (1983–1986)
• Gen. Try Sutrisno (1986–1988)
• Gen. Edi Sudrajat (1988–1993)
• Gen. Wismoyo Arismunandar (1993–1995)
• Gen. Hartono (1995–1997)
• Gen. Wiranto (1997–1998)
• Gen. Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo (1998–1999)
• Gen. Tyasno Sudarto (1999–2000)
• Gen. Endriartono Sutarto (2000–2002)
• Gen. Ryamizard Ryacudu (2002–2005)
• Gen. Djoko Santoso (2005–2008)
• Gen. Agustadi Sasongko Purnomo (2008–2009)
• Gen. George Toisutta (2009–2011)
• Gen. Pramono Edhie Wibowo (2011-present)

Notes and references

External links

• IndoWiki KODAMs
• Official website of TNI-AD (Army)
• GlobalSecurity.org : Indonesia
• Unofficial site of Indonesian Armed Forces
• Unofficial site of Indonesian Special Forces
• Jane's Intelligence Review - January 1997 and March 1997
• Indonesian Civil-Military Relations - Civil-Military Relations in Post-Suharto Indonesia and the Implications for Democracy Today: A Preliminary Analysis
• Israel, Fauzi. Tactical Assault & Combat Training. 2008
• "ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet"

Indonesian Army (TNI-AD) Territorial Command Kodam Jaya · Kodam Siliwangi · Kodam Diponegoro · Kodam Brawijaya · Kodam Tanjungpura Operational Command Kostrad · Kopassus

Indonesian National Defence Forces (TNI)     Indonesian Army (TNI–AD)  · Special Forces (Kopassus)  · Strategic Reserve (Kostrad) Indonesian Navy (TNI–AL)  · Marine Corps (KorMar) Indonesian Air Force (TNI–AU)  · Special Forces (Paskhas)

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